Anatomically, all mammals including rat have the same brain, however, as we go up the evolution tree we get smarter. The basic functioning of the mammalian brain can be tested with a rat but other social factors like speech or language formation can be tested with humans. We are different species as well so we have slight differences in how we process our food and drugs. With this in mind, we are now in the generation of using brain cells from human to analyse effects of a drug and other substances.
Read this https://wyss.harvard.edu/technology/human-organs-on-chips/
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